After a week-long deadlock, the Lok Sabha on Tuesday debated the anti-paper leak amendment Bill for around nine hours, with the government presenting it as a stronger legal framework to protect students and curb examination malpractice.
The debate will continue on Wednesday, following which the Bill is expected to be passed by the House and tabled in the Rajya Sabha on the same day.
While Union Minister Jitendra Singh defended the legislation, the Opposition, led by Congress MP Gaurav Gogoi, argued that the 2024 law had failed to prevent paper leaks and said the fresh amendments exposed the government's shortcomings.
The Bill proposes up to 10 years' imprisonment and a Rs 50 lakh fine for paper leak offences.
The Congress is expected to field Rahul Gandhi, Gaurav Gogoi, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra and KC Venugopal during the debate in the Lok Sabha. Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav, NCP (SP) leader Supriya Sule and Trinamool Congress MP Saugata Roy are also expected to participate in the discussion.
Congress members have submitted notices in both houses of Parliament on Tuesday demanding an urgent discussion on the alleged use of force against students protesting over the NEET paper leak issue.
Congress MPs Randeep Surjewala and Syed Naseer Hussain have moved notices under Rule 267 in the Rajya Sabha, while deputy leader of the Congress in Lok Sabha Gaurav Gogoi and Chandigarh MP Manish Tewari have moved adjournment notices in the lower house demanding suspension of the listed business to take up the discussion on the important issue.
As members raised matters with the permission of the Chair, Opposition MPs in the Rajya Sabha continued to protest and raise slogans, demanding a discussion on the police “brutality” during July 20 protest in Delhi.
Chair Radhakrishnan adjourned the House till 2 pm
The Lok Sabha proceedings were adjourned till 2 pm on Tuesday, minutes after the House convened, amid noisy protests by a relentless opposition seeking a response from the government on the police action against protesting students.
Speaker Om Birla informed the House that a discussion on the anti-paper leak Amendment Bill will be taken up at 2 pm and urged the members to let the Question Hour continue.
With the opposition refusing to budge, he adjourned the House proceedings till 2 pm.
Rajya Sabha proceedings were adjourned for the seventh consecutive day on Tuesday amid uproar as opposition parties sought to raise the issue of police actions against NEET paper leak demonstrators in the national capital.
As soon as the House reconvened after lunch, following an adjournment within minutes after it met for the first time at 11 AM, Deputy Chairman Harivansh took up government legislative business.
Union Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi then introduced The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (Amendment) Bill, 2026 -- which was listed for introduction in the list of business -- amid din.
Seeing vociferous protests by the Opposition, the Chair adjourned the House till Wednesday.
Opposition MPs were demanding that Home Minister Amit Shah should come to the House and make a statement on the issue.
Treasury benches countered such a demand.
The Rajya Sabha has been witnessing repeated disruptions since the beginning of the Monsoon session on July 20 over the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) -- a medical entrance examination -- paper leak issue.
Earlier during the day, the Upper House was adjourned without conducting any business in the pre-lunch session, following opposition parties' protest over the use of alleged force by police personnel on NEET paper leak demonstrators.
Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju said the government is open to extending the discussion on the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, to as long as 10 hours, after leaders of all major parties agreed to increase the debate from six to eight hours. He said the government had "no objection" to allowing more time if members sought a longer discussion.
"I spoke with the leaders of all parties—the Congress Chief Whip, the Samajwadi Party Chief Whip, the DMK, and NCP—and everyone agreed to extend the six-hour discussion by 2 hours to make it 8 hours. We all reached this agreement... I state this in the House: Venugopal ji, if you require an extra 2 hours, the government has no objection... If even more time is needed beyond eight hours, we are ready for 10 hours discussion," said Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju.
#WATCH | On the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju says, "... I spoke with the leaders of all parties—the Congress Chief Whip, the Samajwadi Party Chief Whip, the DMK, and NCP—and everyone agreed to… pic.twitter.com/aIm9zYBF41
— ANI (@ANI) July 28, 2026
As the Lok Sabha took up the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, Union Minister of State Jitendra Singh said the legislation reaffirmed the government's commitment to safeguarding the welfare of students and young people.
"This bill, which was introduced yesterday, is, in fact, an amendment to the earlier bill- Public Examinations Prevention of Unfair Means Act 2024, which was also brought by this government. And not only was it brought, it was perhaps the first of its kind in the history of independent India. The earlier Bill and the amendment today are, in a way, reaffirmation of this government's deep commitment to safeguard the welfare of the students and the youth of this country," Singh said.
#WATCH | On the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, Union Minister Jitiendra Singh says, "This bill, which was introduced yesterday, is, in fact, an amendment to the earlier bill- Public Examinations Prevention of Unfair Means Act 2024, which… pic.twitter.com/Xu9MI76YBb
— ANI (@ANI) July 28, 2026
"And at the same time, it is also a reiteration of Prime Minister Modi's resolve- not to allow anyone to compromise with the future of the children of Mother India. Therefore, this bill can be described, in a way, as a milestone legislation in the history of Indian Parliament," he added.
Singh said the Modi government had completed the "unaccomplished task" of enacting a law to prevent examination malpractices in 2024 and that the latest amendment was intended to make the law more stringent.
He also said incidents of examination paper leaks had occurred in states governed by different political parties.
Congress MP Gaurav Gogoi said the 2024 anti-paper leak law had failed, questioning how major public examination paper leaks could still occur in 2026 despite the legislation.
Calling the proposed amendments an "eyewash", he said the government had hailed the original law as a historic reform.
Gogoi also questioned the progress of the NEET-UG paper leak investigation, claiming that 44 of the 45 people chargesheeted in the case were out on bail.
He further alleged that then Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan initially denied any paper leak had taken place and continued to do so even after 21 students had died.
Congress MP Gaurav Gogoi said students were compelled to take to the streets over examination paper leaks, adding that parents had sent their children to protest with their blessings because the issue concerned their future. He urged the government to understand the pain and frustration of young people affected by repeated examination irregularities.
Congress MP Gaurav Gogoi mocked the BJP, saying former education minister Dharmendra Pradhan was welcomed into Parliament with garlands "as though he had returned from fighting a war in Pakistan."
"The minister under whose watch 21 children lost their lives, when he resigned from his post and returned to the House yesterday, you garlanded him as if he had returned from a war against Pakistan," Gogoi said during the debate.
Taking aim at Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Gogoi said that instead of focusing on solving examination paper leaks, the prime minister was telling young people to "focus on Instagram instead."
"... Today, the Prime Minister appears in Instagram reels. In the first cabinet meeting, instead of having a comprehensive discussion on how to improve education and dismantle the mafias, paper-setting mafia, paper-solving mafia, the testing center mafia... the Prime Minister Modi simply said to focus more on Instagram," Gogoi said.
Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav said the government conceded the protesters' demands only after coming under pressure from the student agitation against examination paper leaks.
Calling it the first student movement to receive parents' support, he said, "When government gets worried, it accepts demands."
Referring to the protests, he added, "I was watching the protest from a distance. After the victory, the slogans that were raised were against the government. This government took pride in claiming that it does not bow down before anyone."
VIDEO | Anti-paper leak bill debate in Parliament: Samajwadi Party MP Akhilesh Yadav (@yadavakhilesh) says, “…I was watching the protest from a distance. After the victory, the slogans that were raised were against the government. This government took pride in claiming that it… pic.twitter.com/zGrhzUpUFa
— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) July 28, 2026
Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav took a swipe at the BJP over former education minister Dharmendra Pradhan's resignation, saying, "When the Minister (Pradhan) arrived (at the Parliament), he was welcomed outside the House... Imagine the immense relief the members must have felt and the major crisis from which they were saved. By removing one 'Pradhan', you effectively saved the 'Pradhan Mantri'."
#WATCH | Delhi | Speaking in Lok Sabha, Samajwadi Party MP Akhilesh Yadav says, "...When the Minister (Former Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan) arrived (at the Parliament), he was welcomed outside the House...Imagine the immense relief the members must have felt and… pic.twitter.com/16SKOBmdoT
— ANI (@ANI) July 28, 2026
Akhliesh also alleged that the government had "snatched" the rights of Dalits and backward classes in recruitment and said the Opposition feared the government could outsource more institutions in the way it had the National Testing Agency.
Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav alleged that the crackdown on students protesting against examination paper leaks resembled the Emergency era.
Responding, Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju asked, "Which is better, a situation where the government listens to a student protest and introduces a bill in Parliament, or one where the government imposes a nationwide Emergency to crush the protest?"
Akhilesh replied, "I did not witness the Emergency firsthand, but we have seen echoes of what happened then right here in the national capital... The issue is not the law; your intentions are not honest. The moment your intentions become honest, the examination process will also become clean."
#WATCH | Delhi | In Lok Sabha, Union Minister Kiren Rijiju says, "Which is better, a situation where the government listens to a student protest and introduces a bill in Parliament, or one where the government imposes a nationwide Emergency to crush the protest?"
— ANI (@ANI) July 28, 2026
Replying to the… pic.twitter.com/L5UO74cpoh
Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav launched a fresh attack on the BJP, asking, "How can people who couldn't prevent 'Ram temple donation theft' prevent paper leaks; There have been 20 paper leak cases under BJP government in last 10 years."
He added, "The BJP government doesn't give assurances, only 'jumlas'. I hope all the assurances made to the youth are fulfilled."
VIDEO | Anti-paper leak bill debate in Parliament: “How can people who couldn't prevent 'Ram temple donation theft' prevent paper leaks; There have been 20 paper leak cases under BJP government in last 10 years”, says Samajwadi Party MP Akhilesh Yadav (@yadavakhilesh).
— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) July 28, 2026
(Source:… pic.twitter.com/uLMtgBEJpk
BJP MP Bansuri Swaraj on Tuesday accused the Opposition of displaying "selective outrage" over examination paper leaks, saying such incidents also happened during the Congress-led UPA regime and asserted that the Modi government had undertaken structural reforms to strengthen the examination system.
Participating in the debate on the Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, introduced in Lok Sabha on Monday, Swaraj said the proposed legislation aimed at ensuring faster prosecution and stricter punishment for offenders.
"It's a transformative amendment. It's not just necessary but the need of the hour. It shows the responsible approach of the Modi government," she said.
Swaraj alleged that the Opposition was trying to create a narrative that paper leaks started happening only after 2014, when the BJP-led NDA came to power at the Centre.
"This is not about whataboutery but about calling out the Opposition's selective outrage. Principles cannot change depending on which government is in power," she said.
Citing media reports, she claimed there were 22 paper leaks between 2004 and 2014 at the Centre and in states ruled by the Congress and its allies, of which "six were under the purview of the UPA government at the Centre".
DMK MP Dayanidhi Maran questioned the police's alleged use of Meta smart glasses to monitor student protesters during the debate on the anti-paper leak Bill.
"The Meta chief was called to explain the takedown of the Prime Minister's video, but who will explain why student protesters were monitored by the police using Meta glasses?" he said in the Lok Sabha.
VIDEO | Anti-paper leak bill debate in Parliament: "The Meta chief was called to explain the takedown of the Prime Minister's video, but who will explain why student protesters were monitored by the police using Meta glasses?" says DMK MP Dayanidhi Maran in the Lok Sabha.… pic.twitter.com/VmwB5uinzH
— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) July 28, 2026
Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra demanded that Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah explain the police action against student protesters.
"What was the need to use tear gas on those students, to lathicharge them, and to use water cannons against them? What was the need to humiliate those young women, tear their clothes, and treat them in such a brutal and inhuman manner? What was the need to use pellet guns and AK-47s against the youth of this country? Were they terrorists?," she questioned.
"Yes, the Congress is asking this... Answer us... The Congress is asking; we want answers. Who will answer? Will the Home Minister answer? Who gave the order? Who gave the order to use pellet guns? Through you, Honourable Speaker, I ask: who gave that order? Did the Prime Minister give it? Did the Home Minister give it? Will they answer?," she added.
VIDEO | Anti-paper leak bill debate in Parliament: Speaking in the Lok Sabha, Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi says, "What was the need to use tear gas on those students, to lathicharge them, and to use water cannons against them? What was the need to humiliate those young women, tear… pic.twitter.com/r3lFKuHf4Q
— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) July 28, 2026
Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra recounted meeting the mother of a student injured during the police lathi-charge, saying the family was distressed by repeated visits from political leaders.
"...The girl's mother, standing outside the ICU door, asked us, 'Why have you come?'... With folded hands and trembling hands, she said, 'Thank you for coming, but I do not want to meet anyone. I do not want to speak to anyone.'... She said, 'Since morning, many big leaders have been coming here one after another, making videos. Even those who are responsible for my daughter's condition came here. Why?'," the Congress MP said.
"Perhaps I should not be saying this while standing here in front of everyone, but the plea of that mother left me ashamed. The sound of her broken heart, which echoed through the walls of the hospital, still resonates in my mind. Therefore, with the permission of that mother, I want to ask the Honourable Prime Minister and the Honourable Home Minister through you: what was the need to inflict such oppression on an innocent girl?," she added.
Priyanka also asked the government, "Why are you scared of youths of this country, who gave you right to suppress students?"
VIDEO | Anti-paper leak bill debate in Parliament: Speaking in the Lok Sabha, Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi says, "... A few days ago, we went to Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital to enquire about the condition of the Delhi student who was battling for her life in the ICU after being… pic.twitter.com/O52ms2Crap
— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) July 28, 2026
Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra accused the government of weakening employment-generating sectors and failing to tackle examination paper leaks.
"This government has consistently weakened all employment-generating sectors. The examination system itself has failed. There have been 152 paper leaks in the last decade. Crores of students have been affected, yet not a single culprit, not one member of the paper leak mafia has been punished," she said in the Lok Sabha.
#WATCH | Delhi | In Lok Sabha, Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra says, "This government has consistently weakened all employment-generating sectors. The examination system itself has failed. There have been 152 paper leaks in the last decade. Crores of students have been… pic.twitter.com/Gtc59jtlY4
— ANI (@ANI) July 28, 2026
Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra accused the government of weakening the education system through centralisation and political appointments.
"They have hollowed out our education system by filling it with RSS pracharaks. They further complicated matters by forcibly establishing the NTA and centralising the system. Instead of increasing year by year, the share of the education budget in the country’s total budget is actually declining..." she said in the Lok Sabha.
#WATCH | Delhi | In Lok Sabha, Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra says, "They have hollowed out our education system by filling it with RSS pracharaks. They further complicated matters by forcibly establishing the NTA and centralising the system. Instead of increasing year by… pic.twitter.com/bBvwhz3DSz
— ANI (@ANI) July 28, 2026
Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra said students who protested against examination paper leaks had sought reforms, accountability and protection of their constitutional rights.
"These troubled students placed their hopes in you (govt)... That the system which is crushing their future should be reformed... That the minister under whose tenure all this happened should resign... That action should be taken against those who subjected them to brutality and that an apology should be issued," Priyanka said in Lok Sabha
She added that "In the last decade, 152 paper leaks have taken place, affecting 7.5 crore students, but not a single guilty person or a single paper leak mafia has been punished."
VIDEO | Anti-paper leak bill debate in Parliament: Speaking in the Lok Sabha, Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi says, "These troubled students placed their hopes in you (govt). What were their demands? That action should be taken against the repeated injustices they have faced due to… pic.twitter.com/OFyE8G88b9
— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) July 28, 2026
Congress MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra took a swipe at Prime Minister Narendra Modi, saying, "If you want to win back confidence of Gen Z, making videos from different camera angles will not work."
She said that the Modi government must accept responsibility for the injustice faced by young people.
"Injustice with youths done under your govt, accept truth, PM Narendra Modi must take responsibility," Priyanka said, adding, "Students can be removed from streets but not their questions."
DMK MP Dayanidhi Maran on Tuesday reiterated his party's demand for scrapping NEET, arguing that the proposed amendments to the anti-paper leak law do not address what he described as the fundamental problem with the medical entrance examination.
Speaking during a debate on the Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026 in the Lok Sabha, Maran said Tamil Nadu had consistently opposed NEET since its inception and accused the Centre of ignoring the state's concerns.
"Enough is enough, ban NEET, abolish NEET. Do not go for 'One India, One Examination'. Our strength comes from our diversity," he said, alleging that 26 students in Tamil Nadu had died by suicide till date over the examination.
The former Union minister said that NEET was designed against first-generation learners and students from state boards while promoting coaching centres.
"The bill they are bringing today - you are not addressing the core issue which is that NEET. It is not necessary. DMK and Tamil Nadu were the first to voice their opposition to NEET due to the fundamental flaws in its design. Our warnings were never heard," he said.
Citing official figures, he said around 22 lakh students appear for NEET annually, about 12 lakh qualify, but there are only around 1.39 lakh undergraduate medical seats.
"What happens to the remaining students? Imagine the trauma they go through... It has been a decade since NEET was introduced. Has the quality of doctors improved? Has infant mortality suddenly fallen? Has rural healthcare improved? Has India's doctor shortfall disappeared? If the answer to all these is no, why do we need NEET?" he asked.
TMC MP Abhishek Banerjee said the amendment bill on paper leaks will not wash away the 12 years of the "incompetence and failure" of the BJP-led Centre even as he extended his party's support to the proposed legislation in the Lok Sabha debate.
"It cannot erase the humiliation faced by lakhs of young Indians. It cannot erase images of students who came seeking justice and were met with barricades and pellet guns, instead of love and compassion," he said.
Banerjee extended the TMC's support to the Bill but added that the Bill cannot erase the fact that the examination was cancelled and aspirants' dreams were broken.
"Support for this bill cannot be a substitute for accountability. A stringent law is necessary but by itself is not sufficient. If the examinations continue to be compromised by 'systematic' failures, no amendment, however stringent, will restore the faith that millions of students have lost. That is the question before this august House today," the TMC leader said.
"Today, we support this bill because students deserve every possible protection but we refuse to allow this government to convert this legislation into a certificate of innocence," he added.
Banerjee cited various instances of paper leaks over the past few years and said the amendment Bill brought by the government is a testament of the fact that it failed in curbing paper leaks in the country.
"The Bill that is being discussed is not the solution, rather this Bill is an admission that the NDA and the BJP government have failed. It failed to protect exams, students' merits and today, after the failure exposed and exploded across the country, it wants Parliament to believe that increasing punishment will erase 12 years of its incompetence," he added.
Banerjee said the government should remember that every generation eventually write a report card and the current generation is preparing a report card of the NDA government.
"This report card will have only one word written on the top: Failed. Failed to protect the examination, Failed to protect merit. Failed to protect trust. Failed to protect one's dignity and honour," the TMC MP said.
NDA allies TDP and Shiv Sena on Tuesday urged the government in the Lok Sabha to conduct the NEET-UG examination multiple times a year instead of just once, saying it would benefit students who are unable to appear for the exam on a specified date due to personal emergencies.
Participating in the debate on the Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, in the Lok Sabha, Telugu Desam Party (TDP) MP Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu said that even if a close family member dies on the day of the examination, a candidate has no choice but to appear for the exam.
"I request to overhaul the exam so that it happens multiple times in a year," he said.
Supporting the Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill 2026, he said that after the NEET paper leak, the government at the Centre took a series of measures such as re-examination, releasing the result in record time, and announced the setting up of a Nandan Nilekani-led high-level task force.
He also suggested the setting up of a national coaching regulation framework to regulate coaching centres as their market size is likely to increase from Rs 50,000 crore at present to Rs one lakh crore in the coming year.
"Education is not for profit in the country. The government should look at it in a serious manner," he said, adding there is also a need to set up a national question bank.
Supporting the Bill, Shiv Sena MP Shrikant Shinde said that there is a need to change the system of holding this exam on a specified day only.
"Why should the examination be held only once a year? In other countries, students can take such exams multiple times a year. We should also adopt such practices," the Kalyan (Maharashtra) MP said, adding that it would help reduce pressure on students.
Sharing views of the TDP member, he said coaching centres need to be regulated, and added that they charge hefty fees from students.
He accused the opposition of staging a protest outside the prime minister's residence because it was suffering from "MIA" (missing in action), "FOMO" (fear of missing out) and "delulu" (delusion).
Congress MP KC Venugopal questioned the absence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah in the Parliament during the debate on the Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026.
Samajwadi Party MP Dimple Yadav accused the Centre of unleashing excessive police force on students during the July 20 'Sansad Chalo' march, demanding that Union Home Minister Amit Shah come to the Lok Sabha and explain the action taken against protesters.
Participating in the debate on the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, Yadav alleged that students who had gathered peacefully without weapons were barricaded, trapped and beaten with lathis. She claimed many protesters suffered head injuries, several women were assaulted and their clothes were torn, adding that pellet guns, nail-studded lathis and even AK-47 rifles (in Bihar) were used against demonstrators.
Referring to videos circulating on social media, she said the incidents could not be hidden and described the police action as an "emergency on the streets." Yadav also praised the students and youth for continuing their agitation despite what she called an "egoistic government."
Recalling her visit to the protest site in Jantar Mantar, she questioned the government's action against Sonam Wangchuk and other protesters on July 18, alleging that authorities made him wear "white shrouds," which she said insulted Mahatma Gandhi's ideals of non-violence.
VIDEO | Samajwadi Party MP Dimple Yadav in Lok Sabha during debate on anti-paper leak Bill says, "Sonam Wangchuk was peacefully sitting on hunger strike, but government covered him with 'kafan'; students were humiliated in the July 20 march; I felt their pain."
— Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) July 28, 2026
(Source: Sansad… pic.twitter.com/FISDJjwFJd
BJP MP Anurag Thakur on Tuesday said Prime Minister Narendra Modi enjoys strong popularity among India's youth and remains closely connected with them, highlighting that the Prime Minister's recent video message garnered 400 million views on social media.
Thakur further said the Modi government would eliminate paper leaks permanently, just as it had successfully tackled challenges such as terrorism and Maoism.
BJP MP Anurag Thakur on Tuesday backed the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, saying only Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government genuinely cared about students and their parents and was determined to permanently eliminate paper leaks.
Participating in the Lok Sabha debate, Thakur said the government would take decisive action against the paper leak mafia and ensure strict punishment for those compromising competitive examinations.
Describing the re-NEET examination as "foolproof", he said the examination was conducted under multi-layered security arrangements at over 5,440 centres.
Congress MP Deepender Singh Hooda on Tuesday criticised the government over the anti-paper leak Bill, alleging that it was brought only after student protests started turning against the Centre. Calling the announcement of fast-track courts for paper leak cases "false promise", Hooda said the government had refused to accept accountability and ruled out resignations of NDA ministers when questioned over the issue.
VCK MP Thol. Thirumavalavan on Tuesday demanded that the NEET examination system be scrapped and called for the abolition of the National Testing Agency (NTA). He said paper leaks hurt marginalised students the most and described such incidents as a betrayal of their aspirations.
Arguing for greater autonomy for states, Thirumavalavan said states should be allowed to conduct their own examinations and demanded to shift education from the Concurrent List to the State List.
