Anxiety over rover's Hollywood-style Mars landing
By Alicia Chang | AP - PASADENA (California)
04th August 2012 11:21 AM
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Scientists comment on the seven cameras aboard the Curiosity Mars Rover, background, during a media briefing of the Mars Science Laboratory, science overview news briefing at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasadena, Calif., Thursday, Aug. 2, 2012. (AP)
Seven minutes of terror.
It sounds like a Hollywood thriller, but the phrase describes the anxiety NASA
is expecting as its car-sized robotic rover tries a tricky landing on Mars late
Sunday.
Skimming the top of the Martian atmosphere at 13,000 mph (21,000 kph), the
Curiosity rover needs to brake to a stop — in seven minutes.
The rover is headed for a two-year mission to study whether Mars ever had the
elements needed for microbial life. Because of its heft, the 2,000-pound
(900-kilogram) robot can't land the way previous spacecraft did. They relied on
air bags to cushion a bouncy touchdown. This time NASA is testing a brand new
landing that involves gingerly setting down the rover similar to the way
heavy-lift helicopters lower huge loads at the end of a cable. How hard is it?
"The degree of difficulty is above a 10," says Adam Steltzner, an
engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which manages the mission.
And American University space policy analyst Howard McCurdy says: "It
would be a major technological step forward if it works. It's a big
gamble."
A communication time delay between Mars and Earth means Curiosity will have to
nail the landing by itself, following the half million lines of computer code
that engineers uploaded to direct its every move.
After an 8 1/2-month, 352-million-mile (566-million kilometer) journey, here's
a step-by-step look at how Curiosity will land:
—Ten minutes before entering the Martian atmosphere, Curiosity separates from
the capsule that carried it to Mars.
—Turning its protective heat shield forward, it streaks through the atmosphere
at 13,200 mph (21,240 kph), slowing itself with a series of S-curves.
—Seven miles from the ground at 900 mph (482 million Celsius), Curiosity
unfurls its enormous parachute.
— Next it sheds its heat shield and turns on radar to scope out the landing
site. Now it's 5 miles (8 kilometers) from touchdown and closing in at 280 mph
(450 kph).
—A video camera aboard Curiosity starts to record the descent.
—A mile from landing, the parachute is jettisoned.
—Curiosity is still attached to a rocket-powered backpack, and those rockets
are used to slow it to less than 2 mph (3.2 kph).
—Twelve seconds before landing, nylon cables release and lower Curiosity. Once
it senses six wheels on the ground, it cuts the cords. The hovering
rocket-powered backpack flies out of the way and crashes some distance away.
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